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Background and Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disorder that can affect many body systems, including the hemostatic system. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of hemostatic system and the blood coagulation in COVID-19. Methods & Materials In this review study, the articles were searched using the keywords COVID-19, Respiratory infection, and Coagulopathy in Google Scholar, PubMed, Google Springer and Science Direct databases. Ethical Considerations: Ethical principles in writing this article were observed in accordance with the guidelines of the National Ethics Committee and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Results Many changes in the coagulation profile of infected patients were reported, including changes in the platelet count, fibrinogen/fibrin degradation product, D-Dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. With the increase in the number of patients with COVID-19, several studies found out the occurrence of thrombosis and coagulopathy in patients. Conclusion: Due to the increase in the occurrence of coagulation disorders in patients with COVID-19, the administration of anticoagulants is needed for their treatment;it can play an effective role in improving the prognosis of patients.
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The common reported adverse impacts of COVID-19 vaccination include the injection site's local reaction followed by various non-specific flu-like symptoms. Nevertheless, uncommon cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) following viral vector vaccines (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, Ad26.COV2 vaccine) have been reported. This literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar databases using appropriate keywords and their combinations: SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus, spike protein, thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), NF-kappaB, adenoviral vector, platelet factor 4 (PF4), COVID-19 Vaccine, AstraZeneca COVID vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 COVID vaccine, AZD1222 COVID vaccine, coagulopathy. The s and titles of each article were assessed by authors for screening and inclusion English reports about post-vaccine CVST and VITT in humans were also collected. Some SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on viral vector, mRNA, or inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus have been accepted and are being pragmatic global. Nevertheless, the recent augmented statistics of normally very infrequent types of thrombosis associated with thrombocytopenia have been stated, predominantly in the context of the adenoviral vector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 from Astra Zeneca. The numerical prevalence of these side effects seems to associate with this particular vaccine type, i.e., adenoviral vector-based vaccines, but the meticulous molecular mechanisms are still not clear. The present review summarizes the latest data and hypotheses for molecular and cellular mechanisms into one integrated hypothesis demonstrating that coagulopathies, including thromboses, thrombocytopenia, and other associated side effects, are correlated to an interaction of the two components in the COVID-19 vaccine.Copyright © 2022, Iranian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Society. All rights reserved.
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OBJECTIVE: From the beginning of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic in the world, much efforts have been accomplished to explain a precise clinical feature for the disease and to find the best therapeutic approach for the patients. Although coagulation abnormalities have found in novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) patients, still little is known about the association between the disease and changes in coagulation parameters. Our purpose is to evaluate the differences between the coagulation parameters between COVID-19 patients and healthy counterparts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 63 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were admitted to the present study. We evaluated coagulation value in these patients and in 40 healthy individuals. RESULTS: We found that although there was no significant difference between PT and PTT values in patients and healthy counterparts, the fibrinogen values in patients were higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the values of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and D-dimer in all COVID-19 cases were considerably higher than those in control people (p < 0.05). Of note, FDP and D-dimer in patients with regular COVID-19 infection were lower than patients with severe forms. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that the conduction of routine blood coagulation test could be a beneficial supplementary approach for early diagnosis of COVID-19. In addition, our study shed more light on the therapeutic value of anti-coagulant-based treatment for COVID-19 patients, especially for those with severe type of the disease.